- Research Article
- Open access
- Published:
Multiple-Description Multistage Vector Quantization
EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing volume 2007, Article number: 067146 (2007)
Abstract
Multistage vector quantization (MSVQ) is a technique for low complexity implementation of high-dimensional quantizers, which has found applications within speech, audio, and image coding. In this paper, a multiple-description MSVQ (MD-MSVQ) targeted for communication over packet-loss channels is proposed and investigated. An MD-MSVQ can be viewed as a generalization of a previously reported interleaving-based transmission scheme for multistage quantizers. An algorithm for optimizing the codebooks of an MD-MSVQ for a given packet-loss probability is suggested, and a practical example involving quantization of speech line spectral frequency (LSF) vectors is presented to demonstrate the potential advantage of MD-MSVQ over interleaving-based MSVQ as well as traditional MSVQ based on error concealment at the receiver.
References
Goyal VK: Multiple description coding: compression meets the network. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 2001,18(5):74-93. 10.1109/79.952806
Vaishampayan VA: Design of multiple description scalar quantizers. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 1993,39(3):821-834. 10.1109/18.256491
Gersho A, Gray RM: Vector Quantization and Signal Compression. Kluwer Academic, Boston, Mass, USA; 1992.
Juang B-H, Gray AH Jr.: Multiple stage vector quantization for speech coding. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP '82), May 1982, Paris, France 7: 597-600.
Krishnan V, Anderson DV, Truong KK: Optimal multistage vector quantization of LPC parameters over noisy channels. IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing 2004,12(1):1-8. 10.1109/TSA.2003.819945
Chan W-Y, Gersho : High fidelity audio transform coding with vector quantization. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP '90), 1990, Albuquerque, NM, USA 2: 1109-1112.
Kossentini S, Smith MTJ, Barnes CF: Image coding using entropy-constrained residual vector quantization. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 1995,4(10):1349-1357. 10.1109/83.465100
Khalil H, Rose K: Multistage vector quantizer optimization for packet networks. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 2003,51(7):1870-1879. 10.1109/TSP.2003.812731
LeBlanc WP, Bhattacharya B, Mahmoud SA, Cuperman V: Efficient search and design procedures for robust multi-stage VQ of LPC parameters for 4 kb/s speech coding. IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing 1993,1(4):373-385. 10.1109/89.242483
Supplee LM, Cohn RP, Collura JS, McCree AV: MELP: the new federal standard at 2400 bps. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP '97), 1997 2: 1591-1594.
National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) : The DARPA TIMIT Acoustic Continuous Speech Corpus (CD-ROM). NIST, 1990
Paliwal KK, Atal BS: Efficient vector quantization of LPC parameters at 24 bits/frame. IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing 1993,1(1):3-14. 10.1109/89.221363
3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) : Adaptive multi-rate (AMR) speech codec; error concealment of lost frames. In Technical Specification 3G TS 26.091. 3GPP, Valbonne, France; 1999. http://www.3gpp.org
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
About this article
Cite this article
Yahampath, P. Multiple-Description Multistage Vector Quantization. J AUDIO SPEECH MUSIC PROC. 2007, 067146 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/67146
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/67146