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Table 6 Perplexities of bigram and trigram phoneme and word level language models on the training text (speech database transcriptions for phonemes, lyrics text for words) and on test lyrics texts.

From: Automatic Recognition of Lyrics in Singing

Language model

Training text

_

_

Phoneme bigram

11.5

11.8

11.3

Phoneme trigram

6.4

8.4

8.3

Word bigram

90.2

147.1

97.8

Word trigram

53.7

117.8

77.5

OOV %

5.9

2.2

2.5