Table 1 Phonemes of Persian language

i

i

105

high front unrounded

e

e

101

mid front unrounded

a

a

97

low front unrounded

u

u

117

high back unrounded

o

o

111

mid back unrounded

/

47

low back rounded

\

92

unvoiced bilabial plosive closure

p

p

112

unvoiced bilabial plosive

'

96

voiced bilabial plosive closure

b

b

98

voiced bilabial plosive

-

45

unvoiced alveolar plosive closure

t

t

116

unvoiced dental plosive

=

61

voiced dental plosive closure

d

d

100

voiced dental plosive

@

64

unvoiced palatal plosive closure

c

c

99

unvoiced bilabial plosive

*

42

unvoiced velar plosive closure

k

k

107

unvoiced bilabial plosive

!

33

voiced palatal plosive closure

;

59

voiced palatal plosive

&

38

voiced velar plosive closure

g

g

103

voiced velar plosive

^

94

voiced uvular plosive closure

G

q

113

voiced uvular plosive

(

40

glottal stop closure

]

93

glottal stop

$

36

unvoiced alveopalatal affricate closure

'

39

unvoiced alveopalatal affricate

#

35

voiced alveopalatal affricate closure

'

44

voiced alveopalatal affricate

f

f

102

unvoiced labiodental fricative

v

v

118

voiced labiodental fricative

s

s

115

unvoiced alveolar fricative

Z

z

122

voiced alveolar fricative

·

46

unvoiced alveopalatal fricative

[

91

voiced alveopalatal fricative

x

120

unvoiced uvular fricative

h

h

104

unvoiced glottal fricative

l

l

108

lateral alveolar

r

r

114

trill alveolar

m

m

109

nasal bilabial

n

n

110

nasal alveolar

j

y

121

approximant palatal