Table 4 Emotion recognition rates achieved by the perceptual features and the state-of-the-art systems for EMO-DB and VAM corpus
| Â | All (%) | Arousal (%) | Valence (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | UA | WA | UA | WA | UA | WA |
EMO-DB | ||||||
   openEAR [8] | 84.6 | 85.6 | 96.8 | 96.8 | 87.0 | 88.1 |
   HTK [7] | 73.2 | 77.1 | 91.5 | 91.5 | 78.0 | 80.4 |
   GerDa [9] | 79.1 | 81.9 | 97.6 | 97.4 | 82.2 | 87.5 |
   P-SVM | 86.3 | 85.9 | 95.2 | 95.1 | 94.3 | 95.6 |
   P-GMM | 92.5 | 90.4 | 92.1 | 90.0 | 91.9 | 95.2 |
VAM | ||||||
   openEAR [8] | 37.6 | 65.0 | 72.4 | 72.4 | 48.1 | 85.4 |
   HTK [7] | 38.4 | 70.2 | 76.5 | 76.5 | 49.2 | 89.9 |
   GerDa [9] | 39.3 | 68.0 | 78.4 | 77.1 | 52.4 | 92.3 |
   P-SVM | 61.3 | 76.2 | 69.4 | 71.7 | 59.9 | 83.3 |
   P-GMM | 60.2 | 74.1 | 66.1 | 70.8 | 58.0 | 69.1 |