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Table 1 The twelve mood labels used in the experiment and their shorthand notation

From: Expressed music mood classification compared with valence and arousal ratings

Identifier

Music mood label

Shorthand

A

Sad

Sad

B

Calming/soothing

Calming

C

Arousing/awakening

Arousing

D

Powerful/strong

Powerful

E

Tender/soft

Tender

F

Cheerful/festive

Cheerful

G

Carefree/lighthearted/light/playful

Carefree

H

Angry/furious/aggressive

Aggressive

I

Peaceful

Peaceful

J

Emotional/passionate/touching/moving

Emotional

K

Loving/romantic

Loving

L

Restless/jittery/nervous

Restless