Table 4 General recapitulation
From: Comparative study of digital audio steganography techniques
Hiding domain | Methods | Embedding techniques | Advantages | Drawbacks | Hiding rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Temporal domain | Low bit encoding | LSB of each sample in the audio is replaced by one bit of hidden information | Simple and easy way of hiding Information with high bit rate | Easy to extract and to destroy | 16kbps |
Echo hiding | Embeds data by introducing echo in the cover signal | Resilient to lossy data compression algorithms | Low security and capacity | 50bps | |
Silence intervals | Uses the number of samples in silence interval to represent hidden data | Resilient to lossy data compression algorithms | Low capacity | 64bps | |
Transform Domain | Magnitude spectrum | Use frequency bands to hide data | Longer message to hide and less likely to be affected by errors during transmission | Low robustness to simple audio manipulations | 20Kbps |
Tone insertion | insertion of inaudible tones at selected frequencies | Imperceptibility and concealment of embedded data | Lack of transparency and security | 250bps | |
Phase spectrum | Modulate the phase of the cover signal | Robust against signal processing manipulation and data retrieval needs the original signal | Low capacity | 333bps | |
Spread spectrum | Spread the data over all signal frequencies | Provide better robustness | Vulnerable to time scale modification | 20 bps | |
Cepstral domain | Altering the cepstral coefficients for embedding data | Robust against signal processing operations | Perceptible signal distortions and low robustness | 54bps | |
Wavelet | Altering wavelet coefficients for embedding data | Provide high embedding capacity | lossy data retrieval | 70kbps | |
Codecs domain | Codebook modification | Altering codebook parameters | Robust | Low embedding rate | 2kbps |
Bitstream hiding | LSB is applied on the bitstream resulting from the encoder process | Robust | Low embedding rate | 1.6kps |