Figure 2

Two-dimensional stereo and three-dimensional VBAP signals and their transformed signals. The left and right channels of a stereo signal and its summation (M) and difference (S) signals (left). The sound source moves from the left loudspeaker to the right by the panning angle θ. When sound source is close to one loudspeaker and θ tends to be 0 and $\frac{\pi }{2}$, the original signal has less dynamic range. When sound source is close to the center and θ tends to be $\frac{\pi }{4}$, the transformed signal has less dynamic range. The three channels of a VBAP signal and its 3D-M/S signals (right). The sound source moves from A to B, B to C and C to A shown in Figure 3. When sound source is close to the center of two channels, transformed signal C _T has less dynamic range with corresponding matrix M ₁ , M ₂ , and M ₃ .