Table 7 BER data for each watermark parameter for various communication channels
From: Semi-fragile digital speech watermarking for online speaker recognition
Communication channel | Quantization step (\( \Delta \)) | Threshold (T P) | Block length (L b) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\( \Delta =\raisebox{1ex}{$\pi $}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$16$}\right. \) | \( \Delta =\raisebox{1ex}{$\pi $}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$64$}\right. \) | \( \Delta =\raisebox{1ex}{$\pi $}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$256$}\right. \) | T P = 0.5 | T P = 0.75 | T P = 1 | L b = 4 | L b = 8 | L b = 16 | |
16 bit PCM | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
G.711 A-law | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
G.711 μ-law | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
ADPCM | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
GSM | 0.04 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.33 | 0.42 | 0.03 | 0.24 | 0.39 |
MPEG | 0.14 | 0.27 | 0.35 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.28 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.34 |