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Table 12 Frequency of Polish phoneme occurrence—comparison to the results published in the literature [40, 42, 44, 45]

From: Statistical analysis of orthographic and phonemic language corpus for word-based and phoneme-based Polish language modelling

No.

Obtained results

Phoneme [SAMPA]

Results in [44]

Results in [45]

Results in [42]

Results in [40]

i

f(q i ) [%]

[q i ]

f(q i ) [%]

f(q i ) [%]

f(q i ) [%]

f(q i ) [%]

1

9.59478

[e]

7.882

9.108

10.6

10.2

2

9.55135

[a]

8.141

9.584

9.7

9.3

3

9.20001

[o]

7.646

8.994

8.0

9.1

4

4.65630

[t]

3.708

4.489

4.8

4.4

5

4.34100

[n]

3.665

4.443

4.0

4.0

6

4.13142

[I]

3.174

3.648

3.8

4.1

7

4.09810

[j]

3.299

3.796

4.4

4.5

8

4.00623

[i]

3.620

4.359

3.4

3.9

9

3.75265

[r]

3.705

4.674

3.2

3.6

10

3.73464

[s]

2.927

3.638

2.8

3.0

11

3.49063

[v]

3.137

3.782

2.9

3.5

12

3.41265

[p]

2.759

3.263

3.0

3.1

13

3.32576

[u]

2.774

3.345

2.8

3.4

14

3.16465

[m]

2.626

2.988

3.2

3.5

15

2.96802

[k]

2.418

2.976

2.5

2.7

16

2.55419

[n’]

1.840

2.088

2.4

2.6

17

2.29278

[d]

2.391

2.888

2.1

2.2

18

2.22555

[l]

2.164

2.642

1.9

2.1

19

1.93507

[w]

1.626

1.636

1.8

2.2

20

1.70517

[S]

1.118

1.215

1.9

2.0

21

1.69430

[f]

1.363

1.683

1.3

1.5

22

1.60077

[z]

1.665

1.947

1.5

1.8

23

1.46934

[ts]

1.335

1.692

1.2

1.5

24

1.46097

[b]

1.304

1.497

1.5

1.5

25

1.33050

[g]

1.341

1.547

1.3

1.5

26

1.31409

[s’]

0.927

0.965

1.6

1.5

27

1.16326

[ts’]

0.643

0.662

1.2

1.3

28

1.12532

[x]

1.153

1.427

1.0

1.1

29

1.11761

[tS]

0.831

0.955

1.2

1.2

30

1.10377

[Z]

0.884

0.944

1.3

1.2

31

0.79984

[e ∼]

0.582

0.673

0.6

0.7

32

0.65927

[k’]

0.570

0.698

0.7

n.a.

33

0.53682

[dz’]

0.538

0.554

0.7

0.8

34

0.20125

[dz]

0.227

0.261

0.2

0.2

35

0.14815

[z’]

0.183

0.195

0.2

0.2

36

0.10971

[g’]

0.198

0.260

0.1

n.a.

37

0.02412

[dZ]

0.037

0.040

0.1

0.0