Table 3 Classification results of different algorithms with e-scaled weight ensemble learning (-e) at the second-stage TsEL (unit: %)

DNN

96.00

94.37

93.53

85.13

92.26

ELM

95.85 ± 0.55

93.81 ± 0.77

92.82 ± 0.66

87.93 ± 0.86

92.60 ± 0.71

ELM-AE

95.03 ± 2.43

94.43 ± 1.09

93.33 ± 1.82

90.33 ± 1.43

93.28 ± 1.69

B-ELM-AE

97.60 ± 0.64

96.40 ± 0.81

95.50 ± 0.84

92.50 ± 0.89

95.50 ± 0.80

MC-ELM-AE-C

96.40 ± 0.67

95.25 ± 0.82

94.75 ± 1.06

91.30 ± 1.10

94.42 ± 0.91

MC-ELM-AE-TsEL-V

96.45 ± 0.66

95.03 ± 0.69

94.73 ± 1.20

91.95 ± 0.99

94.54 ± 0.89

MC-ELM-AE-TsEL-W

97.05 ± 0.50

95.88 ± 0.91

96.00 ± 1.23

93.13 ± 0.83

95.51 ± 0.87

B-MC-ELM-AE-C

97.43 ± 0.49

96.10 ± 0.84

95.73 ± 0.88

92.63 ± 0.75

95.47 ± 0.74

B-MC-ELM-AE-TsEL-V

97.53 ± 0.53

96.43 ± 0.72

95.48 ± 0.85

92.60 ± 0.92

95.51 ± 0.75

B-MC-ELM-AE-TsEL-W

98.33 ± 0.53

97.25 ± 0.83

96.73 ± 0.97

93.83 ± 0.88

96.54 ± 0.80