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Table 6 Performance comparison of the proposed system (F female singers, M male singers)

From: Robust singer identification of Indian playback singers

Acoustic feature

Experimental database

Song duration

Song level accuracy

Remarks

Formant + HSE + Vibrato + timbre

Bollywood singers

26 singers (10F, 16 M)

550 songs

3–9 s

86%

Proposed work

Method I: Carnatic interval cepstral coefficients

Method II: MFCC

[29]

Carnatic singers

6 singers

116 songs

Method I: 87%

Method II: 56%

Lower singer dataset

Timbre [30]

North Indian singers

10 singers

5 s

58.33%

Lower singer dataset

Timbre + pitch + MFCC + LPC [31]

6 singers (2F, 4 M)

300 songs

180 s

81%

Audio portion taken from video songs. Lower singer dataset

MFCC + spectral features [32]

Tamil singers

3 singers (2F, 1 M)

300 video songs

10 s

95%

Audio portion taken from video songs. Lower singer dataset

Cepstral mean subtracted MFCC [34]

Bollywood singers

20 singers (6F, 14 M)

500 songs

60–166 s

84.5%

Longer Song duration

Perceptual linear prediction [50]

Tamil singers

10 singers (5F, 5 M)

200 songs

20 s

55.56%

Lower singer dataset