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Table 13 Stops classified (based on oral airflow) as having weak and strong voicing, applying the 70% threshold. Stops are classified using mean phone1-2–phone2-3 values

From: The aerodynamics of voiced stop closures

70% threshold classification

[b] (%)

[d] (%)

[ɡ] (%)

[b, d, ɡ] (%)

♂SP1

Weak voicing

50

47

7

34

Strong voicing

50

53

93

66

♂SP2

Weak voicing

79

62

100

76

Strong voicing

21

38

0

24

♀SP3

Weak voicing

19

22

14

18

Strong voicing

81

78

86

82

♀SP4

Weak voicing

100

94

88

94

Strong voicing

0

6

13

6

♂♀All

Weak voicing

62

60

47

57

Strong voicing

38

40

53

43