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EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing
Fig. 3 | EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing

Fig. 3

From: Time–frequency scattering accurately models auditory similarities between instrumental playing techniques

Fig. 3

Six playing techniques of the violin. Subfigures: a ordinario (with vibrato), b nonvibrato, c tremolo, d sforzando, e pizzicato (laissez vibrer, i.e., let ring), and f staccato. In each subfigure, the top image shows the wavelet scalogram as a function of time t (in seconds) and frequency λ (in Hertz). Conversely, the bottom image shows the average time–frequency scattering coefficients, as a function of temporal modulation rate α (in Hertz) and frequential modulation scale β (in cycles per octave). Darker shades denote greater values of acoustic energy. See Section 4 for details

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