Table 1 "Major" and "minor" onomatopoeic representations for each sound source.

1

whizzing sound (similar to the motion of a whip)

(1) /hyuN/ [ɯ n], (2) /pyaN/ [an]

2

idling sound of a diesel engine

(1) /burorororo/ [bɯ ɽ oɽ oɽ oɽ o], (2) /karakarakarakarakarakorokorokorokorokoro / [kaɽ akaɽ akaɽ akaɽ akaɽ akoɽ okoɽ okoɽ okoɽ okoɽ o]

3

sound of water dripping

(1) /potyaN/ [potʃ an], (2) /pikori/ [pikoɽ i]

4

bark of a dog (barking once)

(1) /waN/ [wan], (2) /wauQ/ [waɯ ʔ]

5

ring of a telephone

(1) /pirororororo/ [piɽ oɽ oɽ oɽ oɽ o], (2) /piriririririririri/ [piɽ i ɽ i ɽ i ɽ i ɽ i ɽ i ɽ i ɽ i]

6

owl hooting

(1) /kurururu/ [kɯ ɽ ɯ ɽ ɯ ɽ ɯ], (2) /fororoo/ [Φoɽ oɽ oː]

7

vehicle starter sound

(1) /bururuuN/ [bɯ ɽ ɯ ɽ ɯ ː n], (2) /tyeQ baQ aaN/ [tʃ eʔ bɑ ʔ aan]

8

hand clap (clapping once)

(1) /paN/ [pan], (2) /tsuiN/ [tsɯ in]

9

vehicle horn

(1) /puu/ [pɯ ː], (2) /faaQ/ [Φaː ʔ]

10

baby crying

(1) /Ngyaa/ [naː], (2) /buyaaaN/ [bɯ jaː n]

11

sound of a flowing stream

(1) /zyorororo/ [dʑ oɽ oɽ oɽ o], (2) /tyupotyupoyan/ [tʃ ɯ potʃ ɯ pojan]

12

sound of a noisy construction site (mainly the machinery noise of a jackhammer)

(1) /gagagagagagagagagagaga/ [ɡ aŋ aŋ aŋ aŋ aŋ aŋ aŋ aŋ aŋ aŋ a],

(2) /gyurururururururu/ [ɡɯ ɽ ɯ ɽ ɯ ɽ ɯ ɽ ɯ ɽ ɯ ɽ ɯ ɽ ɯ]

13

sound of fireworks

(1) /patsuQ/ [patsɯ ʔ], (2) /putiiiN/ [pɯ tʃ iː n]

14

sweeping tone

(1) /puiQ/ [pɯ iʔ], (2) /poi/ [poi]

15

knock (knocking on a hard material like a door, twice)

(1) /koNkoN/ [koŋ kon], (2) /taQtoQ/ [tattoʔ]

16

chirping of an insect (like a cricket)

(1) /ziizii/ [dʒ iː dʒ iː], (2) /kyuriririririii/ [ɯ ɽ i ɽ i ɽ i ɽ i ɽ i ː]

17

twittering of a sparrow

(1) /piyo/ [pijo], (2) /tyui/ [tʃ ɯ i]

18

harmonic complex tone

(1) /pii/ [piː], (2) /piiQ/ [piː ʔ]

19

sound like a wooden gong (sounding once)

(1) /pokaQ/ [pokaʔ], (2) /NkaQ/ [n kaʔ]

20

sound of a trumpet

(1) /puuuuuuN/ [pɯ ː n], (2) /waaN/ [waː n]

21

sound of a stone mill

(1) /gorogorogoro/ [ɡ oɽ oŋ oɽ oŋ oɽ o], (2) /gaiaiai/ [ɡ aiaiai]

22

siren (similar to the sound generated by an ambulance)

(1) /uuuu/ [ɯ ː], (2) /uwaaaaa/ [ɯ waː]

23

shutter sound of a camera

(1) /kasyaa/ [kaʃ aː], (2) /syagiiN/ [ʃ aɡ iː n]

24

white noise

(1) /zaa/ [dzaː], (2) /suuuuuu/ [ssssss]

25

sound of a temple bell

(1) /goon/ [ɡ oː n], (2) /gaaaaaaaaaaN/ [ɡ aː n]

26

thunderclap (relatively nearby)

(1) /baaN/ [baː n], (2) /bababooNbaboonbooN/ [bababoː n baboː n boː n]

27

bell of a microwave oven (to signal the end of operation)

(1) /tiiN/ [tʃ iː n],(2)/kiNQ/ [kin ʔ]

28

sound of a passing train

(1) /gataNgotoN/ [ɡ ataŋ ŋ oton],

(2) /gararatataNtataN/ [ɡ aɽ aɽ atatantatan]

29

typing sound (four keystrokes)

(1) /katakoto/ [katakoto], (2) /tamutamu/ [tamɯ tamɯ]

30

beach sound (sound of the surf)

(1) /zazaaN/ [dzadzaː n],

(2) /syapapukupusyaapaaN/ [ʃ apapɯ kɯ pɯ ʃ aː paː n]

31

sound of wind blowing (similar to the sound of a draft)

(1) /hyuuhyuu/ [ɯ ːɯ ː],

(2) /haaaououou ohaaa ouohaaao/ [haː oɯ oɯ oɯ ohaː oɯ ohaː o]

32

sound of wooden clappers (beating once)

(1) /taN/ [tan],(2) /kiQ/ [kiʔ]

33

sound of someone slurping noodles

(1) /zuzuu/ [dzɯ dzzz], (2) /tyurororo/ [tʃ ɯ ɽ oɽ oɽ o]

34

sound of a wind chime (of small size and made of iron)

(1) /riN/ [ɽ i n], (2) /kiriiN/ [kiɽ i ː n]

35

sound of a waterfall

(1) /goo/ [ɡ oː], (2) /zaaaaa/ [dzaː]

36

footsteps (someone walking a few steps)

(1) /katsukotsu/ [katsɯ kotsɯ], (2) /kotoQ kotoQ/ [kotoʔ kotoʔ]