Table 2 Examples of voice types, parameter variations, and parameter dependency rules, including public performance sequences (with corresponding sounds and videos)

Parameter variations

Changing vocal tract size

44

1

[0,1]

0.15

0.06

0.5

16 (sound)

Changing tension

44

1

0.29

0.15

0.06

[0,1]

17 (sound)

Changing breathiness

44

1

0.29

[0,1]

0.06

0.5

18 (sound)

Changing roughness

44

1

0.29

0.15

[0,1]

0.5

19 (sound)

Changing pitch

44

1

0.29

0.15

0.06

0.5

13 (video)

Changing effort

44

1

0.29

0.15

0.06

0.5

14 (video)

Changing vowels

44

1

0.29

0.15

0.06

0.5

15 (video)

Voice types

Bass

32

1

0.21

0.2

0.06

0.5

20 (sound)

Tenor

44

1

0.29

0.15

0.06

0.5

21 (sound)

Alto

44

1

0.32

0.1

0.06

0.5

22 (sound)

Noisy Alto

44

1

0.33

0.3

0.06

0.5

23 (sound)

Soprano

56

2

0.35

0.1

0.06

0.5

24 (sound)

Noisy Soprano

56

2

0.41

0.3

0.06

0.5

25 (sound)

Bulgarian Soprano

56

1

0.53

0.1

0.06

0.66

26 (sound)

Baby

68

2

0.59

0.1

0.06

0.

27 (sound)

Gull

44

0.29

1

0.06

28 (sound)

Lion

8

1

0

0.7

0.2

0.5

29 (sound)

Didgeridoo

8

1

0

0.6

0

0.

30 (sound)

DesertBreeze

68

1

0

0.9

0.2

1.

31 (sound)

Whispering

56

1

0.35

0.6

0

0.8

32 (sound)

Woodbells

56

1

1

0

0.1

0.8

34 (sound)

Wind

56

1

0

1

0

33 (sound)

Live concert extracts

Raga1

32

1

0.29

0.15

0.06

0.5

35 (video)

Raga2

32

1

0.29

0.15

0.06

0.5

36 (video)

Cold song

44

1

0.29

0.15

0.06

0.5

37 (video)

The lion sleeps tonight

m.c.

1

m.c.

m.c

0.06

0.5

38 (video)

Bulgarian song

m.c.

1

m.c.

0.1

0.06

0.66

39 (video)

Laugh

m.c.

m.c.

m.c.

m.c

0.06

0.5

40 (video)

Dependency rules

Long-term perturbations (OFF/ON)

44

1

0.29

0.15

0.06

0.5

1, 2 (sounds)

Phonation threshold (OFF/ON)

44

1

0.29

0.5

0.06

0.5

5, 6 (sounds)

Laryngeal mechanism (M=1,M=2)

44

1,2

0.32

0.15

0.06

0.5

3, 4 (sounds)

First formant tuning to E (OFF/ON)

44

1

0.29

0.15

0.06

0.5

7, 8 (sounds)

Formant frequency tuning to f ₀ (OFF/ON)

56

2

0.35

0.15

0.06

0.5

9, 10 (sounds)

Formant amplitude attenuation (OFF/ON)

56

2

0.35

0.15

0.06

0.5

11, 12 (sounds)