Table 2 Classification results of different algorithms with the context voting ensemble learning (-v) at the second-stage TsEL (unit: %)

DNN

98.87

95.33

92.40

78.87

91.37

ELM

93.76 ± 0.61

91.35 ± 0.62

86.99 ± 1.06

72.81 ± 1.29

86.23 ± 0.90

ELM-AE

95.53 ± 2.35

92.28 ± 1.67

89.40 ± 1.70

81.93 ± 1.86

89.78 ± 1.90

B-ELM-AE

98.23 ± 0.57

94.38 ± 0.67

92.50 ± 1.25

84.43 ± 1.76

92.39 ± 1.06

MC-ELM-AE-C

96.93 ± 0.65

93.70 ± 0.97

91.33 ± 0.83

83.25 ± 1.16

91.30 ± 0.90

MC-ELM-AE-TsEL-V

97.23 ± 0.70

93.90 ± 0.67

91.50 ± 1.22

84.20 ± 1.29

91.71 ± 0.97

MC-ELM-AE-TsEL-W

97.95 ± 0.62

95.35 ± 0.76

92.38 ± 1.49

84.78 ± 2.07

92.62 ± 1.24

B-MC-ELM-AE-C

98.13 ± 0.36

94.33 ± 0.73

92.88 ± 0.90

84.45 ± 1.36

92.45 ± 0.84

B-MC-ELM-AE-TsEL-V

98.33 ± 0.57

94.73 ± 0.58

92.98 ± 0.99

86.23 ± 1.54

93.06 ± 0.92

B-MC-ELM-AE-TsEL-W

98.95 ± 0.52

96.45 ± 0.55

94.15 ± 1.27

86.93 ± 1.43

94.12 ± 0.94