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Table 5 Results (TER%) of Transformer-based E2E CS ASR systems with different target acoustic modeling units

From: Pronunciation augmentation for Mandarin-English code-switching speech recognition

Modeling units

Mandarin

Code-switching

Chilish

Baseline (character-letter)

5.2

11.6

15.9

Character-BPE

5.3

11.1

15.3

Character-PASM (CMU+MLex)

5.2

10.7

15.3

Character-PASM (E2M-po2m)

5.1

10.5

15.1

Character-PASM (Source Lexicon+Lexlearn (2.41))

5.2

10.1

14.8