Improving speech recognition systems for the morphologically complex Malayalam language using subword tokens for language modeling

EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing

Table 1 Complex morphological word formation in Malayalam

Malayalam word	English translation	Remark
	In the box	Nominal locative suffix to the word (box).
	To the child	Nominal sociative suffix to the word (child).
	Baby elephant	Compound word formed by agglutination of nouns (elephant) and (baby)
	To the baby elephants	Nominal sociative suffix to the plural form of the compound word (baby elephant)
	Do not stay awake	Negative imperative mood of the verb (be awake)
	Will be singing	Future tense iterative aspect of the verb (to sing).